How dangerous are solar storms?
The Sun's central role in Earth's stability
A solar storm directed at Earth is a concern shared by many, given the potential consequences. So scientists are increasingly studying the Sun, a star essential to the planet's stability.
A sudden flare
A solar storm is defined by NASA as "a sudden explosion of particles, energy, magnetic fields, and material blasted into the solar system by the Sun." These explosions release a very hot gas of hydrogen and helium that travels through space at high speed.
The largest solar storm on record
The 1859 solar storm, also known as the Carrington event after British astronomer Richard Carrington, is considered the most intense ever recorded. Its effects were felt from the poles to Central America and Europe.
Canary Islands offers the best view
The world's most powerful solar telescope is being built to study the Sun and these solar storms. It will be located on the island of La Palma, as the Canary Islands are one of the best locations for space observation.
Photo: Unsplash/Mier Chen
Advanced instruments
Solar physicist Luis Bellot, from the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia of the CSIC, is part of the team that will build this European Solar Telescope (EST), which is expected to be operational within the space of five years.
Photo: Unsplash/Stephan Widua
Source of life
"The Sun is our source of energy and life, so it's important to understand what processes take place there," the physicist explains in an interview with National Geographic.
The chances of a geomagnetic storm
According to Bellot, the problem arises when magnetic fields cross or collide, releasing a large amount of energy. If the Sun emits radiation aimed at Earth, a geomagnetic storm can occur, although these are usually mild.
Protective measures
"If it ends up leading to a more extreme phenomenon, measures will be necessary, such as protecting satellites or modifying air traffic near the poles," the solar physicist explains.
Photo: Unsplash/Donald Giannatti
Shielding satellites
One way to protect satellites, which are essential for ensuring communications, is to rotate them to shield them from solar radiation in the event of a storm.
Photo: Unsplash/SpaceX
Dependence on technology
The reality is that the entire world depends on technology that can be affected by what happens in space. A strong solar storm can disrupt electricity, satellite networks, GPS, and aircraft communications if they are near the poles.
Photo: Unsplash/Patrick Hendry
No risk of extinction
"We need to be prepared, but solar storms aren't as dangerous as we're led to believe. They're not something that will wipe out life on Earth, far from it," according to Bellot.
Risks for astronauts
There has been no adverse impact reported on the health of the general population, as the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field protect us like a shield. It would only affect astronauts in space or those on high-altitude flights, where there is less protection against radiation.
Photo: Unsplash/Nasa
