Expats vs. immigrants: Who really has it better?

Imagine leaving the country where you were born and lived for years of your life, possibly even decades, to start a new life elsewhere. You’ve likely heard the terms before and perhaps even thought they were the same thing, however, "expats" and "immigrants" are actually two distinct groups. While the two do have commonalities, many things differentiate them. Whether you fall into one of these groups yourself, know someone who does, or are simply curious about the words you hear in the news, this guide will break down the characteristics of each group for you. Simply click through to learn more.

Defining expats and immigrants

An expat (short for expatriate) is an individual who lives outside their native country, usually for a limited time. An immigrant, on the other hand, is someone who moves to a new country permanently.

Motivations for moving: Expats

Expats are usually highly skilled professionals who are transferred to a foreign branch by their company for a set time.

Similarities between expats and immigrants

Both groups have to adapt to their new culture, often experience language barriers, and at one point or another deal with being homesick.

Cultural integration

Since expats usually engage in limited stays, they often maintain a strong cultural identity with their home country. Immigrants, however, are more likely to assimilate into the local host culture as they seek to establish a permanent life in the new country.

Socioeconomic status

Though it’s situation-dependent, expats generally come from higher socioeconomic backgrounds than immigrants. Many immigrants may also experience downward socioeconomic mobility until they establish themselves in their new country.

Language acquisition

Both immigrants and expats might be faced with needing to learn a new language depending on where they move. It usually is more important, though, for immigrants, as they plan to stay permanently.

Networking and community building

Both expats and immigrants often seek out communities of similar backgrounds to ease the transition into a new country, relying on groups and social networks.

Tax obligations

Expats often remain tax residents of their home countries, thereby leading to dual tax obligations (unless treaties exist to avoid double taxation). Immigrants generally shift their tax obligations to their new country.

Challenges faced abroad

Expats and immigrants often encounter cultural, language, and legal issues related to visas and work permits.

Cultural exchange

Expats and immigrants act as cultural ambassadors and bring their diverse cultural perspectives, which enriches the host community and fosters global connections through food, traditions, and language sharing.

Policy impact

Government policies may favor expats temporarily living abroad with provisions like tax breaks or housing allowances, whereas immigrants often face tougher regulations and fewer benefits.

Media representation

Media portrayal of expats is often positive, highlighting their professional roles, whereas immigrants can be subject to more negative stereotypes, focusing on issues such as them being an economic burden.

Political participation

While expats generally have limited rights to participate in local politics, immigrants can sometimes engage more deeply in politics, especially if they gain citizenship or legal status.